At 15:00 on December 15, 2011, the No. 28 unit of the Three Gorges Power Station successfully completed the 72-hour test run.
DATE:2024-11-11
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“Standing more on the stone wall of Xijiang River, cutting off the clouds and rain from Wushan Mountain, the high gorges come out of the Pinghu Lake.” This is the magnificent poem written by Chairman Mao Zedong when he was swimming in the Yangtze River in Wuhan in 1956.
In 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) issued the first important document on the Three Gorges Project - “Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Hub and the Planning of the Yangtze River Basin”, which proposed that “Considering both the long-term economic development of the country and the technical conditions, the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Hub needs to be built and may be built.”
Rao Fangquan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, recalled that when the feasibility of the Three Gorges project was demonstrated, China had only done 60,000 kilowatts of hydroelectric generator units, but the Three Gorges such a magnitude of water conservancy project units at least 500,000 kilowatts are needed, and at that time, the world's largest Soviet Union, Gubi Xuev hydroelectric power plant's stand-alone capacity of only 115,000 kilowatts.
In order to break through the key technology in the field of large-scale water conservancy project power equipment, the Institute of Electrical Engineering came into being. A long march to overcome the world-wide problem of large-capacity motor cooling began.
“A vise, a saw, a few screwdrivers, our evaporative cooling laboratory is so dry.” Gu Guobiao, who had just graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering of Tsinghua University, joined IEEE at this critical moment.
At that time, international large hydro generators mainly used air cooling and stator winding water cooling technology. The researchers of IEEE had participated in the research of the water cooling technology and gradually realized the advantages and disadvantages of the water cooling technology, and the biggest problem of this technology was the electrical safety issue. As the rated voltage of this type of generator is generally as high as about 20,000 volts, once the water inside the motor leaks, it will seriously damage the insulation, resulting in major safety and production accidents with unimaginable consequences. With the increasing capacity of the generator, the insulator thickening, heat generation also continues to increase, air cooling, an external cooling method is increasingly unable to meet the demand.
How can we ensure the safety and reliability of the project and further improve the cooling efficiency? Gu Guobiao aimed his research at the evaporative cooling technology, which was still uncertain at that time.
Unlike the principle of air cooling and water cooling, evaporative cooling is based on the principle of phase change cooling technology, through the insulating properties of the medium of good latent heat of vaporization to take away the heat. In order to verify this idea, they also bought a refrigerator and worked around the clock to study the freezer in it.
In this way, they quickly developed a 15-kilowatt compression refrigeration motor, proving the feasibility of compression refrigeration applied to motors. In the later tests, they gradually found that the compression refrigeration technology based on the refrigerator principle is difficult to be applied to large motors, because the external compression refrigeration system consumes a large amount of power, and the generator must be wrapped with a very thick thermal insulation layer on the outside, which not only increases the maintenance cost in the later stage, but also affects the reliability of the cooling system.
In the technical and economic demonstration and analysis, Gu Guobiao another way to study the thermodynamics of the heat power conversion problem, and proposed the use of two-phase flow of the self-circulation principle, that is, the use of liquids and gases produced by the mixing of the specific gravity of the difference between the principle of self-circulation, refrigeration compressor into a liquid circulating pumps or cancellation of the development of the self-circulating system at room temperature without a pump. And this is only 23 years old young man's idea, let many people think some “ridiculous”.
All the doubts could not disturb Gu Guobiao. They spent only three months, at the end of 1959, produced a vertical observable winding model, the use of “vertical height” will be converted into “work”, thus generating self-circulating power, instead of circulating pumps, the formation of no external power of the “Room temperature self-circulation evaporative cooling” system, realizing the most basic and crucial step of evaporative cooling technology - the principle innovation.
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In 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) issued the first important document on the Three Gorges Project - “Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Hub and the Planning of the Yangtze River Basin”, which proposed that “Considering both the long-term economic development of the country and the technical conditions, the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Hub needs to be built and may be built.”
Rao Fangquan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, recalled that when the feasibility of the Three Gorges project was demonstrated, China had only done 60,000 kilowatts of hydroelectric generator units, but the Three Gorges such a magnitude of water conservancy project units at least 500,000 kilowatts are needed, and at that time, the world's largest Soviet Union, Gubi Xuev hydroelectric power plant's stand-alone capacity of only 115,000 kilowatts.
In order to break through the key technology in the field of large-scale water conservancy project power equipment, the Institute of Electrical Engineering came into being. A long march to overcome the world-wide problem of large-capacity motor cooling began.
“A vise, a saw, a few screwdrivers, our evaporative cooling laboratory is so dry.” Gu Guobiao, who had just graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering of Tsinghua University, joined IEEE at this critical moment.
At that time, international large hydro generators mainly used air cooling and stator winding water cooling technology. The researchers of IEEE had participated in the research of the water cooling technology and gradually realized the advantages and disadvantages of the water cooling technology, and the biggest problem of this technology was the electrical safety issue. As the rated voltage of this type of generator is generally as high as about 20,000 volts, once the water inside the motor leaks, it will seriously damage the insulation, resulting in major safety and production accidents with unimaginable consequences. With the increasing capacity of the generator, the insulator thickening, heat generation also continues to increase, air cooling, an external cooling method is increasingly unable to meet the demand.
How can we ensure the safety and reliability of the project and further improve the cooling efficiency? Gu Guobiao aimed his research at the evaporative cooling technology, which was still uncertain at that time.
Unlike the principle of air cooling and water cooling, evaporative cooling is based on the principle of phase change cooling technology, through the insulating properties of the medium of good latent heat of vaporization to take away the heat. In order to verify this idea, they also bought a refrigerator and worked around the clock to study the freezer in it.
In this way, they quickly developed a 15-kilowatt compression refrigeration motor, proving the feasibility of compression refrigeration applied to motors. In the later tests, they gradually found that the compression refrigeration technology based on the refrigerator principle is difficult to be applied to large motors, because the external compression refrigeration system consumes a large amount of power, and the generator must be wrapped with a very thick thermal insulation layer on the outside, which not only increases the maintenance cost in the later stage, but also affects the reliability of the cooling system.
In the technical and economic demonstration and analysis, Gu Guobiao another way to study the thermodynamics of the heat power conversion problem, and proposed the use of two-phase flow of the self-circulation principle, that is, the use of liquids and gases produced by the mixing of the specific gravity of the difference between the principle of self-circulation, refrigeration compressor into a liquid circulating pumps or cancellation of the development of the self-circulating system at room temperature without a pump. And this is only 23 years old young man's idea, let many people think some “ridiculous”.
All the doubts could not disturb Gu Guobiao. They spent only three months, at the end of 1959, produced a vertical observable winding model, the use of “vertical height” will be converted into “work”, thus generating self-circulating power, instead of circulating pumps, the formation of no external power of the “Room temperature self-circulation evaporative cooling” system, realizing the most basic and crucial step of evaporative cooling technology - the principle innovation.