Data center waste heat heating system
DATE:2024-10-23 11:12:35
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The data center waste heat heating system should be equipped with heat storage devices, which can not only couple the data center heat production and user heat load changes, but also improve the safety of the data center and heating system. Therefore, the data center waste heat supply system should be a long-distance transmission system including heat storage device.
Literature proposes to set up an additional set of water source heat pumps for heat supply outside the data center, and such a system form reduces the operation and maintenance workload of the data center, but increases the investment in equipment and adds a heat exchange process, which reduces the energy utilization rate of the system. The system proposed in this paper uses the existing chiller in the data center for heating, discharges the heat to the environment through electric heat pumps and evaporative cooling devices in the non-heating season, and supplies the heat to the heat users through electric heat pumps in the heating season.
The natural cooling plate heat exchanger (plate 1) and the heating plate heat exchanger (plate 2) on the chilled water system side are connected in series with the electric chiller in a way that remains constant and unregulated throughout the year. On the cooling water system side, plate heat exchanger 1 and plate heat exchanger 2 are connected in parallel and in series with the electric chiller, plate heat exchanger 1 is connected to the evaporative cooling tower, and plate heat exchanger 2 is connected to the heating pipe network. During the non-heating season, the data center discharges heat to the environment through the indirect evaporative cooling tower via plate exchange 1 and the multi-stage electric chiller. In the heating season, the data center is heated by plate exchange 2 and multi-stage electric heat pumps to obtain higher temperature heat network water supply; multi-stage electric heat pumps and plate heat exchanger (plate exchange 3) in the end heat exchange station supply heat to the users and reduce the temperature of heat network return water. Switching between heating and non-heating season modes requires regulating valves to control heat discharge from the condensing side of the electric chillers to the cooling tower or to the heating network. The electric chiller on the data center side and the electric heat pump at the heat exchange station ensure a large temperature difference in conveying heat and reduce the energy consumption of transmission and distribution. When the heat discharged from the data center is greater than the heat load of the user, the excess heat is stored in the heat storage device; when the heat discharged from the data center is less than the heat load of the user, the heat is taken from the heat storage device.
The system uses a multi-stage heat pump for data center waste heat during the heating season and evaporative cooling for heat removal during the non-heating season. The main equipment of the system includes: air-conditioning boxes, plate heat exchangers, electric chillers, water pumps, fans, indirect evaporative cooling towers and heat storage units. The air-conditioning box and plate heat exchanger are water-air and water-water sensible heat exchangers, respectively, and their hot and cold fluid heat exchanges satisfy the logarithmic mean temperature difference model.
During the heating season, the data center uses plate heat exchangers and multistage heat pumps to raise the temperature of the waste heat to supply heat, and each end heat exchanger station uses plate heat exchangers and multistage heat pumps to supply heat to the heat users and to lower the temperature of the heat network return water. In the first and last cold periods, when the heat discharge from the data center is greater than the heat load, the excess heat is stored in the heat storage device; when the heat discharge from the data center is less than the heat load, the heat storage device supplements the heat to the heat users. At the end of the cold period, the data center reduces the heat supply and discharges part of the heat to the environment through the cooling tower.
The heat supply system couples the data center heat discharge and user heat load through the heat storage device and flow regulation, and the supply and return water temperature of the heat network remains unchanged. When the heat discharge from the data center is greater than the heat load, the excess hot water is stored in the storage unit; when the heat discharge from the data center is less than the heat load, hot water is drawn from the storage unit to ensure the flow rate of the heat exchange station.
The waste heat heating capacity of the data center is affected by the operating load of the data center, the volume of the heat storage device and other means of heat supply and peaking. When the operating load is small, the waste heat heating capacity of the data center will be less than the heating demand, and part of the heat can be stored in the heat storage device before the heating season to increase the heating capacity. When this method still cannot meet the heating demand, it is necessary to use other heating methods such as boilers to make up the heat. When the operating load of the data center is large, and the waste heat heating capacity is larger than the heating demand, the data center can store heat in the heat storage device and evaporative cooling itself for heat exhaustion.
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Literature proposes to set up an additional set of water source heat pumps for heat supply outside the data center, and such a system form reduces the operation and maintenance workload of the data center, but increases the investment in equipment and adds a heat exchange process, which reduces the energy utilization rate of the system. The system proposed in this paper uses the existing chiller in the data center for heating, discharges the heat to the environment through electric heat pumps and evaporative cooling devices in the non-heating season, and supplies the heat to the heat users through electric heat pumps in the heating season.
The natural cooling plate heat exchanger (plate 1) and the heating plate heat exchanger (plate 2) on the chilled water system side are connected in series with the electric chiller in a way that remains constant and unregulated throughout the year. On the cooling water system side, plate heat exchanger 1 and plate heat exchanger 2 are connected in parallel and in series with the electric chiller, plate heat exchanger 1 is connected to the evaporative cooling tower, and plate heat exchanger 2 is connected to the heating pipe network. During the non-heating season, the data center discharges heat to the environment through the indirect evaporative cooling tower via plate exchange 1 and the multi-stage electric chiller. In the heating season, the data center is heated by plate exchange 2 and multi-stage electric heat pumps to obtain higher temperature heat network water supply; multi-stage electric heat pumps and plate heat exchanger (plate exchange 3) in the end heat exchange station supply heat to the users and reduce the temperature of heat network return water. Switching between heating and non-heating season modes requires regulating valves to control heat discharge from the condensing side of the electric chillers to the cooling tower or to the heating network. The electric chiller on the data center side and the electric heat pump at the heat exchange station ensure a large temperature difference in conveying heat and reduce the energy consumption of transmission and distribution. When the heat discharged from the data center is greater than the heat load of the user, the excess heat is stored in the heat storage device; when the heat discharged from the data center is less than the heat load of the user, the heat is taken from the heat storage device.
The system uses a multi-stage heat pump for data center waste heat during the heating season and evaporative cooling for heat removal during the non-heating season. The main equipment of the system includes: air-conditioning boxes, plate heat exchangers, electric chillers, water pumps, fans, indirect evaporative cooling towers and heat storage units. The air-conditioning box and plate heat exchanger are water-air and water-water sensible heat exchangers, respectively, and their hot and cold fluid heat exchanges satisfy the logarithmic mean temperature difference model.
During the heating season, the data center uses plate heat exchangers and multistage heat pumps to raise the temperature of the waste heat to supply heat, and each end heat exchanger station uses plate heat exchangers and multistage heat pumps to supply heat to the heat users and to lower the temperature of the heat network return water. In the first and last cold periods, when the heat discharge from the data center is greater than the heat load, the excess heat is stored in the heat storage device; when the heat discharge from the data center is less than the heat load, the heat storage device supplements the heat to the heat users. At the end of the cold period, the data center reduces the heat supply and discharges part of the heat to the environment through the cooling tower.
The heat supply system couples the data center heat discharge and user heat load through the heat storage device and flow regulation, and the supply and return water temperature of the heat network remains unchanged. When the heat discharge from the data center is greater than the heat load, the excess hot water is stored in the storage unit; when the heat discharge from the data center is less than the heat load, hot water is drawn from the storage unit to ensure the flow rate of the heat exchange station.
The waste heat heating capacity of the data center is affected by the operating load of the data center, the volume of the heat storage device and other means of heat supply and peaking. When the operating load is small, the waste heat heating capacity of the data center will be less than the heating demand, and part of the heat can be stored in the heat storage device before the heating season to increase the heating capacity. When this method still cannot meet the heating demand, it is necessary to use other heating methods such as boilers to make up the heat. When the operating load of the data center is large, and the waste heat heating capacity is larger than the heating demand, the data center can store heat in the heat storage device and evaporative cooling itself for heat exhaustion.